{"id":5959,"date":"2019-09-26T15:47:12","date_gmt":"2019-09-26T12:47:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/?page_id=5959"},"modified":"2020-04-14T15:04:11","modified_gmt":"2020-04-14T12:04:11","slug":"weights","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/weights\/","title":{"rendered":"Weights"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-89dlq-d323fd0cf39fdc81777cfa0cad1f3c98\">\n.flex_column.av-89dlq-d323fd0cf39fdc81777cfa0cad1f3c98{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:2% 0px 0px 0px;\nbackground-color:#8a7a5b;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-89dlq-d323fd0cf39fdc81777cfa0cad1f3c98 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2jvydz-6cdb0631c3087e2655670e062ac97023\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-2jvydz-6cdb0631c3087e2655670e062ac97023{\npadding-bottom:0;\nfont-size:30px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-2jvydz-6cdb0631c3087e2655670e062ac97023 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-2jvydz-6cdb0631c3087e2655670e062ac97023 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:30px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-2jvydz-6cdb0631c3087e2655670e062ac97023 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-2jvydz-6cdb0631c3087e2655670e062ac97023 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-2jvydz-6cdb0631c3087e2655670e062ac97023 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-2jvydz-6cdb0631c3087e2655670e062ac97023 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-1  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  av-inherit-size'><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Weights<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-1v1i5q-8c46551922de1c3b695f4603cceebc58 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div style=\"padding: 2%;\">\n<p>Before coinage was introduced, most commerce was based on the exchange of goods for quantities of metals. Those were weighed on scales, mostly against stone weights. Even after the appearance of coinage, weights continued to be used for evaluating different goods, as well as verifying the quality of metals and the value of the coins themselves &#8211; as made evident by the information below.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-89dlq-786a66af7d8f8aa5c3b6f376ef4a5795\">\n.flex_column.av-89dlq-786a66af7d8f8aa5c3b6f376ef4a5795{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-89dlq-786a66af7d8f8aa5c3b6f376ef4a5795 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_textblock  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><div class='portfolio_preview_container ' data-portfolio-id='1'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='ajax_controlls iconfont'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href='#prev' class='ajax_previous' \taria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue878' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href='#next' class='ajax_next'\t\taria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue879' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class='avia_close' href='#close'\t\taria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue814' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='portfolio-details-inner'><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><div  id=\"av-sc-portfolio-1\"  class=' grid-sort-container isotope   no_margin-container with-title-container grid-total-even grid-col-3 grid-links-ajax' data-portfolio-id='1'><div data-ajax-id='5705' class=' grid-entry flex_column isotope-item all_sort no_margin post-entry post-entry-5705 grid-entry-overview grid-loop-1 grid-parity-odd  virtual-museum_sort weights_sort  av_one_third first default_av_fullwidth '><article class='main_color inner-entry'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/portfolio-item\/weights_01\/\" title='Judean 4 Shekel Weight (8th-6th Cent. BCE)'  data-rel='grid-1' class='grid-image avia-hover-fx'> <img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"495\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/3772-four-shekel.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-7471 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7471 attachment-portfolio size-portfolio wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/3772-four-shekel.jpg 495w, https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/3772-four-shekel-300x242.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/3772-four-shekel-450x364.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/a><div class='grid-content'><div class='avia-arrow'><\/div><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Portfolio: Judean 4 Shekel Weight (8th-6th Cent. BCE)\"><h3 class='grid-entry-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/portfolio-item\/weights_01\/' title='Judean 4 Shekel Weight (8th-6th Cent. BCE)'>Judean 4 Shekel Weight (8th-6th Cent. BCE)<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><\/div><div data-ajax-id='5708' class=' grid-entry flex_column isotope-item all_sort no_margin post-entry post-entry-5708 grid-entry-overview grid-loop-2 grid-parity-even  virtual-museum_sort weights_sort  av_one_third  default_av_fullwidth '><article class='main_color inner-entry'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/portfolio-item\/weights_02\/\" title='Judaean 4 Gera Weight (10th-6th cent. BCE)'  data-rel='grid-1' class='grid-image avia-hover-fx'> <img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"495\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/46866-low-res.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-5052 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-5052 attachment-portfolio size-portfolio wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/46866-low-res.jpg 495w, https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/46866-low-res-300x242.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/46866-low-res-450x364.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/a><div class='grid-content'><div class='avia-arrow'><\/div><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Portfolio: Judaean 4 Gera Weight (10th-6th cent. BCE)\"><h3 class='grid-entry-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/portfolio-item\/weights_02\/' title='Judaean 4 Gera Weight (10th-6th cent. BCE)'>Judaean 4 Gera Weight (10th-6th cent. BCE)<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><\/div><div data-ajax-id='5711' class=' grid-entry flex_column isotope-item all_sort no_margin post-entry post-entry-5711 grid-entry-overview grid-loop-3 grid-parity-odd  virtual-museum_sort weights_sort  av_one_third  default_av_fullwidth '><article class='main_color inner-entry'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/portfolio-item\/weights_03\/\" title='Half of a Limestone Maneh Weight (late 4th cent. BCE &#8211; 70 CE)'  data-rel='grid-1' class='grid-image avia-hover-fx'> <img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"495\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/57202-low-res-2.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-7090 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7090 attachment-portfolio size-portfolio wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/57202-low-res-2.jpg 495w, https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/57202-low-res-2-300x242.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/57202-low-res-2-450x364.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/a><div class='grid-content'><div class='avia-arrow'><\/div><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Portfolio: Half of a Limestone Maneh Weight (late 4th cent. BCE &#8211; 70 CE)\"><h3 class='grid-entry-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/portfolio-item\/weights_03\/' title='Half of a Limestone Maneh Weight (late 4th cent. BCE &#8211; 70 CE)'>Half of a Limestone Maneh Weight (late 4th cent. BCE &#8211; 70 CE)<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><\/div><div data-ajax-id='5715' class=' grid-entry flex_column isotope-item all_sort no_margin post-entry post-entry-5715 grid-entry-overview grid-loop-4 grid-parity-even  virtual-museum_sort weights_sort  av_one_third first default_av_fullwidth '><article class='main_color inner-entry'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/portfolio-item\/weights_05\/\" title='Byzantine Numsima Bronze Weight (4th &#8211; 6th Cent. CE)'  data-rel='grid-1' class='grid-image avia-hover-fx'> <img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"495\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/6411-a.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-8521 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-8521 attachment-portfolio size-portfolio wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/6411-a.jpg 495w, https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/6411-a-300x242.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/6411-a-450x364.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/a><div class='grid-content'><div class='avia-arrow'><\/div><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Portfolio: Byzantine Numsima Bronze Weight (4th &#8211; 6th Cent. CE)\"><h3 class='grid-entry-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/portfolio-item\/weights_05\/' title='Byzantine Numsima Bronze Weight (4th &#8211; 6th Cent. CE)'>Byzantine Numsima Bronze Weight (4th &#8211; 6th Cent. CE)<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><\/div><div data-ajax-id='5719' class=' grid-entry flex_column isotope-item all_sort no_margin post-entry post-entry-5719 grid-entry-overview grid-loop-5 grid-parity-odd  virtual-museum_sort weights_sort  av_one_third  default_av_fullwidth '><article class='main_color inner-entry'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/portfolio-item\/weights_06\/\" title='An Official Four Ker\u00e1tion Brass Weight (5th-6th Cent. CE)'  data-rel='grid-1' class='grid-image avia-hover-fx'> <img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"495\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/12190.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-8528 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-8528 attachment-portfolio size-portfolio wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/12190.jpg 495w, https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/12190-300x242.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/12190-450x364.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/a><div class='grid-content'><div class='avia-arrow'><\/div><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Portfolio: An Official Four Ker\u00e1tion Brass Weight (5th-6th Cent. CE)\"><h3 class='grid-entry-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/portfolio-item\/weights_06\/' title='An Official Four Ker\u00e1tion Brass Weight (5th-6th Cent. CE)'>An Official Four Ker\u00e1tion Brass Weight (5th-6th Cent. CE)<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><\/div><div data-ajax-id='5722' class=' grid-entry flex_column isotope-item all_sort no_margin post-entry post-entry-5722 grid-entry-overview grid-loop-6 grid-parity-even  virtual-museum_sort weights_sort  av_one_third  default_av_fullwidth '><article class='main_color inner-entry'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/portfolio-item\/weights_07\/\" title='Imperial Byzantine 4-Keratia Glass Weight (6-7 century CE)'  data-rel='grid-1' class='grid-image avia-hover-fx'> <img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"495\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/5668-495x400.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-8527 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-8527 attachment-portfolio size-portfolio wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/5668-495x400.jpg 495w, https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/5668-495x400-300x242.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/5668-495x400-450x364.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/a><div class='grid-content'><div class='avia-arrow'><\/div><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Portfolio: Imperial Byzantine 4-Keratia Glass Weight (6-7 century CE)\"><h3 class='grid-entry-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/portfolio-item\/weights_07\/' title='Imperial Byzantine 4-Keratia Glass Weight (6-7 century CE)'>Imperial Byzantine 4-Keratia Glass Weight (6-7 century CE)<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><\/div><div data-ajax-id='5725' class=' grid-entry flex_column isotope-item all_sort no_margin post-entry post-entry-5725 grid-entry-overview grid-loop-7 grid-parity-odd  virtual-museum_sort weights_sort  av_one_third first default_av_fullwidth '><article class='main_color inner-entry'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/portfolio-item\/weights_08\/\" title='1 Dirham Weight (10th &#8211; 11th Cent. CE)'  data-rel='grid-1' class='grid-image avia-hover-fx'> <img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"495\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/111805-a.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-8532 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-8532 attachment-portfolio size-portfolio wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/111805-a.jpg 495w, https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/111805-a-300x242.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/111805-a-450x364.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/a><div class='grid-content'><div class='avia-arrow'><\/div><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Portfolio: 1 Dirham Weight (10th &#8211; 11th Cent. CE)\"><h3 class='grid-entry-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/portfolio-item\/weights_08\/' title='1 Dirham Weight (10th &#8211; 11th Cent. CE)'>1 Dirham Weight (10th &#8211; 11th Cent. CE)<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><\/div><div data-ajax-id='5728' class=' grid-entry flex_column isotope-item all_sort no_margin post-entry post-entry-5728 grid-entry-overview grid-loop-8 grid-parity-even  virtual-museum_sort weights_sort  av_one_third  default_av_fullwidth '><article class='main_color inner-entry'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/portfolio-item\/weights_09\/\" title='Broken Islamic Glass Weight'  data-rel='grid-1' class='grid-image avia-hover-fx'> <img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"495\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/112806-c-1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-8530 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-8530 attachment-portfolio size-portfolio wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/112806-c-1.jpg 495w, https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/112806-c-1-300x242.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/112806-c-1-450x364.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/a><div class='grid-content'><div class='avia-arrow'><\/div><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Portfolio: Broken Islamic Glass Weight\"><h3 class='grid-entry-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/portfolio-item\/weights_09\/' title='Broken Islamic Glass Weight'>Broken Islamic Glass Weight<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><\/div><div data-ajax-id='5732' class=' grid-entry flex_column isotope-item all_sort no_margin post-entry post-entry-5732 grid-entry-overview grid-loop-9 grid-parity-odd  virtual-museum_sort weights_sort  av_one_third  default_av_fullwidth '><article class='main_color inner-entry'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/portfolio-item\/weights_10\/\" title='100 Gr Weight of the State of Israel (20th Cent. CE)'  data-rel='grid-1' class='grid-image avia-hover-fx'> <img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"495\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/70912-low-res-1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-6704 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-6704 attachment-portfolio size-portfolio wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/70912-low-res-1.jpg 495w, https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/70912-low-res-1-300x242.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/70912-low-res-1-450x364.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/a><div class='grid-content'><div class='avia-arrow'><\/div><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Portfolio: 100 Gr Weight of the State of Israel (20th Cent. CE)\"><h3 class='grid-entry-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/portfolio-item\/weights_10\/' title='100 Gr Weight of the State of Israel (20th Cent. CE)'>100 Gr Weight of the State of Israel (20th Cent. CE)<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><\/div><div data-ajax-id='5736' class=' grid-entry flex_column isotope-item all_sort no_margin post-entry post-entry-5736 grid-entry-overview grid-loop-10 grid-parity-even  post-entry-last  virtual-museum_sort weights_sort  av_one_third first default_av_fullwidth '><article class='main_color inner-entry'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/portfolio-item\/weights_12\/\" title='50 Gr Weight of the State of Israel (20th Cent. CE)'  data-rel='grid-1' class='grid-image avia-hover-fx'> <img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"495\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/30962-low-res-1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-6684 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-6684 attachment-portfolio size-portfolio wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/30962-low-res-1.jpg 495w, https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/30962-low-res-1-300x242.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/30962-low-res-1-450x364.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/a><div class='grid-content'><div class='avia-arrow'><\/div><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Portfolio: 50 Gr Weight of the State of Israel (20th Cent. CE)\"><h3 class='grid-entry-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/portfolio-item\/weights_12\/' title='50 Gr Weight of the State of Israel (20th Cent. CE)'>50 Gr Weight of the State of Israel (20th Cent. CE)<\/a><\/h3><\/header><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-1v1i5q-8c46551922de1c3b695f4603cceebc58 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div style=\"padding: 2%;\">\n<p>Scale weights were used for commerce as early as the Early Bronze Age in the third millennium BCE. The first weights, known from Mesopotamia, were made of stone and known simply as \u2018<em>abnu<\/em>\u2018, meaning stone. The primary unit of measurement used in the ancient Near East was the \u2018<em>shekel\u2019<\/em> , originally weighing 8.4 gram. Its derivatives appeared in multiples such as 1 shekel, 2 shekels, 4 shekels etc. These multiples are based on a\u00a0Sexagesimal (base 60) count system. 60 shekel weights and their multiples were equivalent to one \u2018<em>maneh\u2019<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0ubiquitous \u2018<em>shekel<\/em>\u2018 weight system was common\u00a0throughout the ancient Near East during the Bronze and Iron Ages. However, despite the similar terminology, in reality the actual weight units varied from kingdom to kingdom and even from city to city. Throughout antiquity, dominant central governments would often dictate the use of uniform weight systems within their territory, and at times powerful rulers attempted to conduct reformations enforcing a unified weight system. Varying weight systems appearing in regions of close proximity to each-other may therefore indicate a weak central government, although they may also occur in regions of lesser importance to the ruling power.<\/p>\n<p>According to the written sources available to us, the primary means of exchange used in antiquity consisted of fragments of cut silver known as <em>hacksilber<\/em>. These were weighed\u00a0against stone weights on a scale and given in exchange for goods or services. Although silver was the most commonly used means of exchange, ancient texts mention other materials as well, such as copper, bronze, tin and even dyed or plain wool which was likewise weighed as a means of exchange.<\/p>\n<p>Dome-shaped limestone weights appeared throughout the Kingdom of Judah from the late 8th through the early 6th centuries BCE. The Judahite weights are based on a <em>shekel<\/em> unit of about 11.33 grams. Especially common are weights weighing 1, 2, 4 and 8 \u2018<em>shekels<\/em>\u2018, while weights of 16 and even 40 <em>shekels <\/em>are known as well. Many of the weights are marked with a\u00a0\u0263 mark interpreted as a sign designating the <em>shekel<\/em>, along with a number mark indicating the particular <em>shekel<\/em> multiple. Nearly all transactions recorded in the Bible depict the use of silver or gold <em>shekels<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAnd Abraham weighed the silver for Ephron which he had named in the audience of the sons of Heth: four hundred shekels of silver, current money with the merchant\u201d (Genesis 23:16). The most commonly used weight unit smaller than the <em>shekel<\/em>, was the <em>beka<\/em>: \u201cA bekah for every man, that is, half a shekel, according to the shekel of the sanctuary, for every one who went to be numbered\u201d (Exodus 38: 26). The <em>netzef<\/em> and <em>pym<\/em> were used as well, and the three are often easily identified by an etched inscription indicating their weight. The <em>gera<\/em> was utilized as a unit allowing divisions smaller than half a <em>shekel<\/em>, the <em>shekel<\/em> being 24 <em>gera<\/em>. Biblical descriptions of\u00a0the \u2018<em>shekel of the sanctuary<\/em>\u2019 weighing 20 <em>gera<\/em>, have not been fully substantiated by archaeological finds.<\/p>\n<p>In the Bible (in the original Hebrew) weights are known simply as \u2018stones\u2019 and were carried in a \u2018pocket\u2019 which was likely a sack of sorts that was attached to a belt: \u201cYou shall not have in your pocket two kinds of stones, large and small.\u00a0You shall not have in your house two kinds of measures, large and small\u201d (Deuteronomy 25:13-14); \u201cHonest balances and scales are the\u00a0Lord\u2019s;\u00a0all the stones in the pocket are His work\u201d (Proverbs 16:11). These verses, as well as others, emphasize the important role scale weights played in commerce, and accordingly, the need for accurate and reliable weights. Similarly, the Hebrew Bible uses the word for <em>hacksilver<\/em> \u2013\u00a0<em>betza<\/em>\u00a0for describing greed, bribery and corruption: \u201cYet his sons did not follow in his ways, but turned aside after gain (original Hebrew- <em>betza)<\/em>; they took bribes and perverted justice\u201d (1 Samuel 8:3).<\/p>\n<p>While the <em>shekel<\/em> ceased being used during the Second Temple Period, the <em>maneh<\/em>, (a unit of measurement known in the Greek world as well) continued in use, including smaller fractions of a half, a quarter and an eighth of a <em>maneh<\/em>. The <em>maneh<\/em> continued to be used until the end of the Second Temple Period together with the Roman Libra which was introduced into the region. Flat cylindrical limestone weights, used mostly by the Jewish population, appeared along with lead weights which were occasionally inscribed with the name of the \u2018agoranomos\u2019, the magistrate in-charge of the economy and markets. Similar lead weights continued to be used sporadically until and including the Bar Kokhba Revolt (132-135 CE). The value of the <em>mane<\/em> was not necessarily uniform throughout the Second Temple Period, but often varied slightly in weight from city to city.<\/p>\n<p>During the late Persian Period, the first coins were minted in the Land of Israel. While these coins were made strictly of silver, gold and bronze coins subsequently appeared as well. Coins were generally valued according to their weight and coins of precious metals were valued according to their purity as well. In order to appraise their value, coins were often weighed on a scale against stone weights, despite being of a given value which was often marked on the coin itself. At times, either due to the decline of the central government or a shortage of available currency, fragments of gold, silver and even bronze coins were used in commerce. Indeed, in such cases coins did not represent their original weight and had to be weighed to determine their proper value.<\/p>\n<p>Bronze <em>Numisma<\/em> weights were common during the Late Roman and Byzantine Periods, these were intended for weighing Numisma coins (1\/72 <em>Libra<\/em>), although smaller divisions such as the <em>Ker\u00e1tion<\/em> (1\/24 <em>Numisma<\/em>, English: <em>carat<\/em>; Latin: <em>siliqua<\/em>) were known as well. Many of the weights are marked with the Latin letter N (<em>Numisma<\/em>). Occasionally, weights were marked with Greek letters denoting a numerical value such as: A for 1, B for 2, S for 6, H for 8 and IB for 12.<\/p>\n<p>Other types of weights begin to appear during the Roman-Byzantine period, such as \u2018barrel-shaped\u2019 weights or square weights with tapered edges. These became widespread during the subsequent Islamic periods and were used for weighing silver <em>dirhams<\/em> and gold <em>dinars<\/em>. Many bear the \u201cbirds eye\u201d marking consisting of a circle with a dot in its center, while others bear a single word inscription.<\/p>\n<p>Glass weights were also common. These first appeared during the Byzantine Period and became widespread from the Fatimid through the Mamluk Periods. During Islamic periods, glass weights were used for weighing gold <em>dinars<\/em> and similar coins. The name of the ruler, the value of the weight and the year of issue generally appeared on the weight.<\/p>\n<p>Towards the end of the Ottoman Period, weight measurement units varied by region. Separate systems existed for northern cities such as Acre, Haifa and the Galilee, for southern cities such as Jerusalem, Nablus, Jaffa and Samaria and for the city of Hebron, which had its own unique weight system. Although the terminology remained the same (<em>rutl<\/em>, <em>okka<\/em> and <em>kantar<\/em>), actual weight values differed, causing great confusion in local markets. The Jewish population was particularly burdened by these discrepancies as many of them were recent immigrants from European countries where a uniform metric system was in place. Upon establishing their mandate in the early 20th century, the British attempted to enforce a single system of weight and measures, however, this proved ill-fated due to the difficulty in controlling the widely dispersed peasant population. It was only after the establishment of the State of Israel that the metric system was properly instituted.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5959","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5959","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5959"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5959\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10565,"href":"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5959\/revisions\/10565"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tmsifting.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5959"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}